Cultivar

Cultivar [ Taxonomy - Horticulture ]
(Short for Cultivated variety)
Abbreviation: cv.

Dictionary of botanic
terminology
index of names


	A cultivar is a form of a plant commercially or scientifically important derived from cultivation.

Cultivar names are given when the mutation occurs due to human influence.
Examples: a mutation occurs in a greenhouse (or because of human involvement such as breeding, applying mutagens, propagation, or by cultural practices)
The abbreviation cv. is used to signify that the mutation is a cultivar. cv. is placed after the specific epithet and is not underlined or italicized.
Example: Astrophytum asterias cv. Onzuka or single quotes of cv. Astrophytum asterias 'Onzuka'

How to write:

1. The cultivar name is written after cv. or within the single quotes ( '....' ).
2. Capitalize the cultivar name.
3. Never underline or italicize the cultivar name.

Example: Astrophytum asterias cv. Onzuka or Astrophytum asterias 'Onzuka'
Where a species' variation is great or strongly different from the normal and sufficiently mutated it is called a 'sport'.

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Holdfast roots [ Botany ]
Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names

Some species of climbing plants develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place.

Climbing plants, like the poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata), and trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place. Usually the Holdfast roots die at the end of the first season, but in some species they are perennial. In the tropics some of the large climbing plants have hold-fast roots by which they attach themselves, and long, cord-like roots that extend downward through the air and may lengthen and branch for several years until they strike the soil and become absorbent roots.

Major references and further lectures:
1) E. N. Transeau “General Botany” Discovery Publishing House, 1994