Clone

(1) Clone [ Biology ]
Synonym: Vegetative offspring
Adjective: Clonal

Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names


	In biology, a clone is a genetically identical group of of organism (e.g. plant, animal, cells, or molecular segments) whose genetic information is identical to that of a single "mother organism" or cell or molecular segment from which they are direct descendants by some kind of asexual reproduction.
The term clone derives From the Greek word “klōn” meaning "twig". See also: Vegetative offspring

(2) Clone [ Botany ]


	In botany, a clone is the direct descendants of a single parent plant by vegetative reproduction, for example, bulb, cuttings or grafts, or experimentally from a single cell.

(3) Clone [ Horticulture ]


	*In horticulture: a clone is one of the descendants of a single plant, produced by some process of vegetative propagation.*

For examples a branch or other organ that has been cut of from a mother plant below an internode and rooted, a cutting or a plant derived from micropropagation.
Many plant cultivars are clones, having been derived from a single individual.

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Holdfast roots [ Botany ]
Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names

Some species of climbing plants develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place.

Climbing plants, like the poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata), and trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place. Usually the Holdfast roots die at the end of the first season, but in some species they are perennial. In the tropics some of the large climbing plants have hold-fast roots by which they attach themselves, and long, cord-like roots that extend downward through the air and may lengthen and branch for several years until they strike the soil and become absorbent roots.

Major references and further lectures:
1) E. N. Transeau “General Botany” Discovery Publishing House, 1994