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PHYTOPATHOLOGY: |
- Any part or stage of a pathogen (e.g.
spores, virus particles, mycelium ) capable to infect a host
plant.
- The amount of units of a
microorganisms or parasite capable of initiating an infection
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MICROBIOLOGY: |
A medium
containing organisms added to a sterilized substratum to start a
culture or, in the case of viruses, viruses added to infect a
culture of cells.
Also for biological material injected into a human to
induce immunity (a vaccine): Bacteria or fungi injected into compost
to start biological action.
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HORTICULTURE: |
The substance
used to make an inoculation to a cultivation substratum.
The term is commonly applied to the application of a
blend of microbial life forms, trace minerals, and nutrients to
establish new populations in soils or composts, for example,
Rhizobium bacteria are commonly applied as an inoculum to legume
seeds. |
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The arrival or transfer of
a pathogen onto a plant host.
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To start a disease a pathogen must be
introduced (inoculated) to the host plant. Most pathogens cannot
move on their own, but must be carried to the host plant.
Pathogens are dispersed and carried to their host in different
ways:
- Water-borne pathogens: Carried by water. For
example splashing rain carries spores of apple scab fungus
from infected apple leaves to uninfected leaves.
- Wind-born pathogens: Carried by wind. Wind blows
fungal spores from plant to plant.
- Soilborne pathogens: Refers to an organism that is
more or less a permanent component of the soil flora.
- Carried by animals (e.g. insect, bird etc.). The spotted
cucumber beetle transmits bacterial wilt of cucumbers when
feeding.
- Carried by people: Smokers can transmit tobacco mosaic
virus from a cigarette to tomato plants. Working in the garden
when plants are wet is an other common way to spread disease.
Seeds or cuttings from infected plants will also transmit
disease. Seeds are often coated with a fungicide to
prevent the transmission of surface fungal diseases. |
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