Lineage

Lineage [ Biology - Genetics - Taxonomy ]	Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names
Synonyms: Ancestry, Clade.

The descendants of a common ancestor. A branch on a phylogeny.

Any continuous line of descent; any series of organisms connected by reproduction by parent of offspring that are reproductively isolated from other lineages, usually refers to a single evolving species, but may include several species descended from a common ancestor, The term lineage also describe the production of a cell line from a single cell plated in vitro.

An evolutionary lineage (also called a clade) is composed of species, taxa, or individuals that are related by descent from a common ancestor. The concept of an evolutionary lineage is grounded in the science of cladistics. Lineages are often determined by the techniques of molecular systematics.

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Holdfast roots [ Botany ]
Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names

Some species of climbing plants develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place.

Climbing plants, like the poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata), and trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place. Usually the Holdfast roots die at the end of the first season, but in some species they are perennial. In the tropics some of the large climbing plants have hold-fast roots by which they attach themselves, and long, cord-like roots that extend downward through the air and may lengthen and branch for several years until they strike the soil and become absorbent roots.

Major references and further lectures:
1) E. N. Transeau “General Botany” Discovery Publishing House, 1994