Carpel

Carpel [ Botany ]

Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names


	It is the fundamental unit of the female part of the flower (gynoecium) formed from one highly modified leaf, comprises an ovary, a receptive stigma, and often a stalk-like style between them.

Derived from the Greek word karpos ( καρπος ) = fruit. A carpel may be a solitary simple carpel (and then the terms gynoecium and pistil are synonymous) or part of a compounded or fused carpel. Its base forms the ovary, containing one or more ovules. The ovary, when pollinated, and the ovules successfully fertilized, culminates in a fruit whit seeds. A single free carpel or several fused carpels form the pistil. The single or numerous pistils of a flower in their ensemble represent the gynoecium.

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Holdfast roots [ Botany ]
Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names

Some species of climbing plants develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place.

Climbing plants, like the poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata), and trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place. Usually the Holdfast roots die at the end of the first season, but in some species they are perennial. In the tropics some of the large climbing plants have hold-fast roots by which they attach themselves, and long, cord-like roots that extend downward through the air and may lengthen and branch for several years until they strike the soil and become absorbent roots.

Major references and further lectures:
1) E. N. Transeau “General Botany” Discovery Publishing House, 1994