Full shadow

Full shadow [ Ecology - Horticulture ]	Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names
Synonyms: Shadow esposure

An environment that receives little direct sunlight, usually less than 2 hours.

"Full shade" describes an environment with no direct sun exposure or receiving little direct sun, usually less than 2 hours such as a ground among buildings or dense evergreen tree growth which often prevent anything but dappled light from reaching the ground.

Some plants are particular as to light required while others are more adaptable. Species that will tolerate only a few hours of morning sun in the summer, if that. These species will often tolerate considerable winter sun and generally do well planted so that they can take advantage of the annual shift in the sun’s angle.

Sun exposure requirements that are appropriated fort mature plants, may not been suitable for young seedlings and plants that don’t receiving adequate care (water, fertilizer).

See also: Sun exposure, Full sun, Bright shade, Half shade, Filtered sun

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Holdfast roots [ Botany ]
Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names

Some species of climbing plants develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place.

Climbing plants, like the poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata), and trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place. Usually the Holdfast roots die at the end of the first season, but in some species they are perennial. In the tropics some of the large climbing plants have hold-fast roots by which they attach themselves, and long, cord-like roots that extend downward through the air and may lengthen and branch for several years until they strike the soil and become absorbent roots.

Major references and further lectures:
1) E. N. Transeau “General Botany” Discovery Publishing House, 1994