Injury

Injury [ Biology ]
Adjective: Injurious

Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names

Any damage or harm to the physical structure of an organism body caused by physical or chemical agent.

A injury is the result of an act (Either unintentional or intentional) that damages the structure or function of an organism body caused by an outside agent. For example: acute exposure to thermal, mechanical, electrical, chemical energy, ionizing radiation or other environmental energy that exceeds the body's tolerance or from the absence of such essentials as heat or oxygen at rates above the threshold for organism tolerance.

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Holdfast roots [ Botany ]
Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names

Some species of climbing plants develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place.

Climbing plants, like the poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata), and trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place. Usually the Holdfast roots die at the end of the first season, but in some species they are perennial. In the tropics some of the large climbing plants have hold-fast roots by which they attach themselves, and long, cord-like roots that extend downward through the air and may lengthen and branch for several years until they strike the soil and become absorbent roots.

Major references and further lectures:
1) E. N. Transeau “General Botany” Discovery Publishing House, 1994