Scape

Scape [ Botany ]	Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names
Synonyms: Peduncle

Leafless unbranched flower stalk with one flower growing directly from the ground as in a tulip, peduncle.

In botany, scapes are flowering stems (peduncles), usually leafless, rising from the crown or roots of a plant or from a bulb or basal rosette at ground level with one flower.

Broadly speaking the term scape is used to indicate any stem which supports the flowers, buds, and seed pods, and indicate a wide number of quite different flowering stem structures and inflorescences, some scapes show scales, foliaceous bracts and sometimes even branches, and also scapes can have a single flower or many flowers, depending on the species.

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Holdfast roots [ Botany ]
Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names

Some species of climbing plants develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place.

Climbing plants, like the poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata), and trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place. Usually the Holdfast roots die at the end of the first season, but in some species they are perennial. In the tropics some of the large climbing plants have hold-fast roots by which they attach themselves, and long, cord-like roots that extend downward through the air and may lengthen and branch for several years until they strike the soil and become absorbent roots.

Major references and further lectures:
1) E. N. Transeau “General Botany” Discovery Publishing House, 1994